Prior to the arrival of European Americans in north Georgia, Creek and Cherokee Indians inhabited the area.[19] A Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, Standing Peachtree or Standing Pitch Tree, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta.[20] As part of the systematic removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825,[21] the Creek ceded the area that is now Metro Atlanta in 1821.[22] White settlers arrived in 1822, and nearby Decatur was founded the following year.[23]
In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western and Atlantic Railroad in order to provide a link between the port of Savannah and the Midwest.[24] The initial route was to run from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would eventually be linked to the Georgia Railroad from Augusta and the Macon and Western Railroad, which ran from Macon to Savannah. Engineers surveyed various possible routes to recommend the location of the terminus, after which the "zero milepost" stake was driven into the ground at what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the terminus had developed into a settlement, first known as "Terminus" and then Thrasherville, for John Thrasher, a local merchant who built homes and a general store there.By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed "Marthasville".[26] The Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, J. Edgar Thomson, suggested renaming the area "Atlantica-Pacifica" to highlight the rail connection westwards, shortened to "Atlanta".[26] The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29, 1847.[27] By 1854, another railroad connected Atlanta to LaGrange, and the town grew to 9,554 by 1860.[28][29] From the 1850s through the early 20th century, Atlanta was frequently called the "Gate City", for its role as a commercial gateway to a vast area, owing to its rail connectivity.[
In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western and Atlantic Railroad in order to provide a link between the port of Savannah and the Midwest.[24] The initial route was to run from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would eventually be linked to the Georgia Railroad from Augusta and the Macon and Western Railroad, which ran from Macon to Savannah. Engineers surveyed various possible routes to recommend the location of the terminus, after which the "zero milepost" stake was driven into the ground at what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the terminus had developed into a settlement, first known as "Terminus" and then Thrasherville, for John Thrasher, a local merchant who built homes and a general store there.By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed "Marthasville".[26] The Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, J. Edgar Thomson, suggested renaming the area "Atlantica-Pacifica" to highlight the rail connection westwards, shortened to "Atlanta".[26] The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29, 1847.[27] By 1854, another railroad connected Atlanta to LaGrange, and the town grew to 9,554 by 1860.[28][29] From the 1850s through the early 20th century, Atlanta was frequently called the "Gate City", for its role as a commercial gateway to a vast area, owing to its rail connectivity.[
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